2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid Problems
Owner-reported complaints filed with NHTSA, grouped by component
Data refreshed
What this page shows
Everything below is an owner-reported complaint submitted to NHTSA about the 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid, grouped by the component NHTSA recorded on the report. These are not confirmed defects, and they are not recalls. NHTSA does not verify most reports before publishing them, and a category with more reports in it is not evidence that a part is defective.
Complaints are reports submitted by owners and drivers to NHTSA. They are not verified and do not establish that a defect exists.
Reports by component
Ranked by how many owner reports name each component category
- Steering1416.7%
- Powertrain (other)1214.3%
- Brakes1113.1%
- Electrical1011.9%
- Engine89.5%
- Driver assistance56.0%
- Seat belts44.8%
- Body & structure44.8%
- Airbags33.6%
- Fuel system33.6%
- Other / unspecified33.6%
- Visibility33.6%
- Interior & seats22.4%
- Suspension11.2%
- Exterior lighting11.2%
Percentages are of component mentions. A single complaint can name more than one component, so these do not sum to the total complaint count.
Each component in detail
What the reports in each category say, in the owners' own words
Steering
Reports naming the steering system — racks, columns, power-steering assist and steering linkage.
From owner reports, verbatim
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated that while turning to the left or right, the steering wheel was sticking. While driving at slow speeds in colder temperatures in a parking lot, the steering became inoperable. The steering wheel was difficult to turn. The message “Please pull over for Safety” was displayed. The contact turned off and restarted the vehicle. There were no warning lights illuminated. The contact stated that the failure was related to NHTSA Campaign Number: 19V632000 (Steering). The vehicle was taken to an independent mechanic who provided the contact with undisclosed error codes. The vehicle was taken to an undisclosed local dealer, where the codes were cleared, and the dealer informed the contact that the steering assembly needed to be replaced. The vehicle was reset, but the failure recurred. The manufacturer was contacted and referred the contact to the NHTSA Hotline. The failure mileage was approximately 96,000.
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated while driving approximately 70 MPH, the vehicle jerked sharply to the right while the power steering assist warning light and other unknown warning lights illuminated. The contact mentioned that the power steering failed to function as needed. The vehicle was taken to the dealer but was not yet diagnosed. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The approximate failure mileage was 140,000.
Powertrain (other)
Powertrain reports that are not specifically the engine or transmission — driveshafts, axles, transfer cases and differentials.
From owner reports, verbatim
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated while driving 20 MPH, there was an abnormal sound coming from the front of the vehicle. The vehicle was driven to the dealer to be diagnosed. The contact was informed that the transmission needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was notified of the failure and a case was opened. The failure mileage was approximately 76,000.
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated that while the engine was idling, there was an abnormal metal scraping sound coming from the vehicle. The vehicle was taken to the local dealer who diagnosed that metal shavings were discovered inside the transmission fluid, and that the transmission needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not yet repaired. The manufacturer was notified of the failure, but no assistance was offered. The failure mileage was 139,412.
Brakes
Reports naming service brakes, the antilock braking system, brake hoses, master cylinders or the parking brake.
From owner reports, verbatim
Brake lights stay on even after turning off car. According to my research the problem is a brake pedal bumper that deteriorated. I actually found the rubber piece on the floor. Prior to finding out my brakes remained on, the red engine light turned on. I checked recalls for this problem, and there was one, but it was only valid for high humidity States. I live in California so I didn't qualify. Now, due to not knowing what the red light was about, and it being smog time, I cleared the engine light. Well, I didn't know that disqualifies my smog test because other codes were erased.now I have a car that is battery disconnect since I can't drive it due to not smog certified. All because of a rubber brake part falling off. I?called my dealer if it was covered by recall, they said no, even though there IS a recall for humid areas. I don't live in a humid area. So my case shows that it DOES NOT have to be humidity related. It's just a cheap quality part. I'm hoping this changes to include ALL areas. Thank you.
LEAVING HOME IN THE MORNING, CAR STARTED AND RAN NORMALLY, 1 BLOCK LATER, PRESSED BRAKE PEDAL AND IT WENT ALL THE WAY TO THE FLOOR. HAD TO REALLY STAND ON IT TO STOP THE CAR. BRAKE SYSTEM, ABS, TRACTION CONTROL, PARKING BRAKE WARNING LIGHTS AND MESSAGES ALL ACTIVATED. PARKING BRAKE LOCKED UP AND THE CAR HAD TO BE TOWED TO DEALER. REPLACED PARKING BRAKE SWITCH, REAR BRAKE PADS, AND RODENT-CHEWED WIRING. WORKED FINE FOR A COUPLE MONTHS. THEN, DRIVING CLOSE TO HOME ABOUT 35 MPH, BRAKES FAILED AGAIN. STANDING ON BRAKE PEDAL STOPPED CAR IN (ESTIMATED) DOUBLE NORMAL DISTANCE. ALL BRAKE-RELATED WARNING LIGHTS AND MESSAGES ACTIVATED, PLUS SERVICE REAR PARK ASSIST MESSAGE. PARKING BRAKE LOCKED UP. TOWED TO DEALER. SERVICE WRITER SAW LIGHTS AND MESSAGES, BUT TECHS LATER COULDN'T FIND MALFUNCTION, NO CODES SET. DEALERSHIP MADE NO REPAIRS, SENT ME HOME WITH A CAR I AM AFRAID TO DRIVE. WHEN ASKED IF THIS IS A KNOWN ISSUE, THEY PRETENDED NOT TO KNOW, AND DIDN'T PLAN TO CONTACT FORD ABOUT IT. IN MY OPINION, A SOFTWARE OR ELECTRICAL PROBLEM THAT CAUSES THE CAR TO LOSE BRAKING IS A PRETTY SERIOUS DESIGN FLAW. ACCORDING TO NTHSA DATABASE AND INTERNET FORUMS, THIS IS A KNOWN ISSUE, AND SOMETHING NEEDS TO BE DONE BEFORE SOMEONE GETS KILLED. AT THE VERY LEAST, GOOD-FAITH BUYERS SHOULD NOT BE LEFT HOLDING THE BAG.
Electrical
Reports naming the electrical system — wiring, battery, charging, control modules, infotainment and electrical accessories.
From owner reports, verbatim
THE REAR VIEW BACKUP CAMERA FAILS. I HAVE TAKEN THIS VEHICLE TO MULTIPLE DEALERSHIPS TOTALING AT LEAST A DOZEN TIMES FOR REPAIR. THE DEALER HAS REPEATEDLY BEEN UNABLE TO REPAIR THIS PROBLEM.
THE VEHICLE 'TEMPORARILY LOST COMMUNICATION WITH THE CLIMATE CONTROL ' BASICALLY THE TOUCHSCREEN FREEZES AND NONE OF THE BUTTONS ON THE CENTER CONSOLE WORK. UNABLE TO TURN ON HEAT OR AIR CONDITIONING. THE WINDOWS LOCK AND CAN NOT BE ROLLED UP OR DOWN. THIS HAS HAPPENED WHILE DRIVING DOWN FREE WAY AND ALSO PARKED AT START UP. THIS OCCURRENCE HAS HAPPENED MORE THAN ONCE. SOMETIMES THE CAR WILL SOME HOW GO BACK TO NORMAL AFTER A DAY. THE LATEST THE VEHICLE HAS LOST COMMUNICATION FOR 4 DAYS. THEY SAY YOU CAN'T LEAVE A KID IN THE CAR WHILE YOU GO INTO A STORE, BUT FORD CAN MAKE IT WHERE I CAN'T ROLL MY WIDOWS DOWN WHILE DRIVING AND I HAVE 2 KIDS IN THE CAR AND IT'S 90 OUT. EVEN MORE WHEN IT'S WINTER TIME AND THE WIDOW FOGS UP WHILE DRIVING THERE IS NO WAY TO CLEAR WINDOWS. TO ME IT IS A SAFETY HAZARD TO NOT BE ABLE TO AT LEAST ROLL YOUR WINDOWS DOWN OR UP BECAUSE AN ISSUE HAPPENS WITH THE VEHICLE COMMUNICATION.
Engine
Reports naming the engine itself — including stalling, misfires, oil consumption, cooling and internal engine components.
From owner reports, verbatim
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated while driving at various speeds, the vehicle would start overheating after 15 minutes of driving. The contact stated that the engine temperature warning light was illuminated. The vehicle was taken to an independent mechanic to be diagnosed. The contact was informed that the transmission and water pump needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not repaired. The local dealer was contacted and notified of the failure; however, the contact was informed that the VIN was not under recall. The contact researched online and saw several complaints regarding the failure his vehicle had experienced. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The failure mileage was 129,000.
MY CAR WAS MAKING A LOAD NOISE SO I TOOK IT TO A MECHANIC WHO REFERRED ME TO THE DEALER BECAUSE OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE VEHICLE. TOWED THE CAR TO MORGAN HILL FORD STORE IN MORGAN HILL CALIFORNIA AND WAS TOLD THAT THE ENGINE WAS NO GOOD, THAT THE MOTOR BOLTS DISLODGED AND MELTED CAUSING THE BOLTS TO SHRED; THE DEALER SERVICE PERSON RYAN ADVISED THAT THE SHREDDED METAL GOT INTO THE OIL AND WENT THROUGH MY ENTIRE ENGINE CAUSING THE ENGINE FAIL. MY CAR WAS ONLY 3.5 YEARS OLD, 90,000 MILES BUT FREQUENT OIL CHANGES WITH THE EXTENDED MAINTENANCE PACKAGE. THERE WAS NO HINT THAT THE CAR WAS HAVING ISSUES, NO ENGINE LIGHT, NOR THE CHECK OIL LIGHT. I HAVE A 2013 FORD FUSION THAT WAS RECALLED FOR FAULTY ENGINE BOLTS.
Driver assistance
Reports naming forward-collision avoidance, lane keeping, back-over prevention, cruise control and related electronic driver-assistance systems.
From owner reports, verbatim
The contact owns a 2014 Ford Fusion Hybrid. The contact stated that the rearview camera displayed a distorted image while the vehicle was in reverse(R). The contact stated that the failure obstructed the driver's visibility, which prevented the driver from safely operating the vehicle. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The contact stated that the failure persisted. The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The failure mileage was unknown.
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2014 FORD FUSION HYBRID. WHILE DRIVING 80 MPH WITH THE CRUISE CONTROL ACTIVATED, THE CONTACT HEARD AN ABNORMAL NOISE AND SAW MULTIPLE UNKNOWN WARNING INDICATORS ILLUMINATED. WHILE ATTEMPTING TO PARK THE VEHICLE ON THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND SHIFTING THE GEAR INTO PARK, THE VEHICLE FAILED TO STOP AND KEPT MOVING FORWARD. THE CONTACT ASSOCIATED THE FAILURE WITH NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 18V471000 (POWER TRAIN). THE CONTACT HAD TO APPLY THE EMERGENCY BRAKE TO STOP THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO THE CONTACT'S RESIDENCE AND THEN TOWED TO AUTOMAX FORD (LOCATED AT 3301 E CENTRAL TEXAS EXPY, KILLEEN, TX 76543, (888) 927-7951). THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 111,000.
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Seat belts
Reports naming seat belts, buckles, retractors and pretensioners.
From owner reports, verbatim
FORD FUSION. CONSUMER WRITES IN REGARDS TO FAILURE TO REMEDY RECALL 16V-875/17V-210 DEFECT WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME FRAME. CONSUMER HAS ANOTHER VEHICLE CORRESPONDENCE IN ARTEMIS. *LD UPDATED 07/06/2017*JS
RECALL 16S42. STILL WAITING ON A REMEDY FOR MY FORD FUSION HYBRID 2014. I DON'T BELIEVE THAT IT SHOULD BE TAKING THIS LONG.
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Body & structure
Reports naming the vehicle structure, frame, body panels, doors, hood and trim.
From owner reports, verbatim
FRONT DRIVER'S DOOR FAILED TO LATCH. THERE IS NO WAY TO SECURE THE DOOR CLOSED. THIS IS A LIFE-THREATENING DRIVING SAFETY ISSUE AND THEFT ISSUE THERE IS A RECALL ALREADY IN PLACE HOWEVER MY VIN FALLS OUT OF THE PREVIOUSLY ANNOUNCED RANGE. THE RECALL SHOULD BE REOPENED AND EXPANDED.
THE HOOD WILL NOT OPEN AND IT IS JAMMED AND NOTHING WAS WRONG WITH IT BEFORE, THE PIECES ARE CHEAP AND THEY SHOULDN'T BREAK LIKE THAT
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Airbags
Reports naming the air-bag system — deployment behaviour, inflators, sensors and warning lights.
From owner reports, verbatim
A RECALL FOR THE AIRBAGS HAS BEEN IN EFFECT SINCE NOV 2016. THE STATUS ON THE RECALL IS INCOMPLETE. REMEDY NOT YET AVAILABLE.
I HAVE AN 2014 FORD FUSION HYBRID. AFTER READING ALL OF THE COMPLAINTS FROM OTHER DRIVERS, I WANT TO BE PRO ACTIVE AND FIND OUT WHAT PART, EXACTLY IS ON BACK ORDER FOR SO MANY YEARS. AS AN ASE CERTIFIED (RE-CERTIFIED) TECHNICION, A.A..S DEGREE AUTO MECHANICS AND A.A.S. DEGREE IN DIAGNOSTICS (1989). NOW, HOW DO I PROTECT MY WIFE WHILE IN THE PASSENGER SEAT? 2013 FORD FUSION. THE NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 14V597000 (AIR BAGS, SEAT BELTS); JUN 16, 2015 PLEASE ADVISE ME, AND SINCE ALL I NEED IS THE PART...GO GET ONE OFF THE ASSEMBLY LINE. I JUST LOVE MY FUSION HYBRID AND I REFUSE TO GIVE IT UP. I PURCHASED IT AT THE DEALERSHIP FOR AN ON LINE CUSTOM BUILT TO MY SPECIFICATIONS AND THE THING IS LOADED. I DON'T WANT TO SAY, I DON'T CARE WHO DIES IN MY FUSION, AS LONG ITS NOT ME. SO, YOU DON'T NEED TO ENSURE I WON'T DIE JUST MAKE SURE I CAN PURCHASE THIS PART FROM THE DEALER OR PART STORE. MANY THANKS, BARRIE, GYSGT, U.S.M.C., DALE CITY, VIRGINIA
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Fuel system
Reports naming fuel storage or delivery — tanks, pumps, lines, injectors and fuel leaks.
From owner reports, verbatim
EMISSION RECALL14E02 WHICH STATES VET MAY BE EQUIPPED WITH AN IMPROPERLY FUNCTIONING ON-BOARD EMISSION-RELATED DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM THAT DOES NOT MEET CALIFORNIA STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS, WHICH ALSO APPLY IN MASSACHUSETTS, MAINE, NEW YORK AND VERMONT. DISABLED EMISSION-RELATED MONITORS ARE UNABLE TO WARN OF AN EMISSION CONTROL MALFUNCTION. VEHICLE WHEN BEING OPERATED SMELLS AND CAUSES OCCUPANTS TO CHOKE.
FUSION WOULD STALL AS I WOULD BE PULLING OUT INTO TRAFFIC. NOT ONCE DID THE SENSOR COME ON THE VEHICLE TO ALERT ME THAT THERE WAS A PROBLEM. FUEL INJECTOR PRESSURE WAS THE PROBLEM.
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Other / unspecified
Reports whose component NHTSA recorded as unknown, or that do not map to one of the categories above.
From owner reports, verbatim
I WAS AT MY DEALERSHIP TO HAVE MY TIRES ROTATED AND THEY STATED THAT THEY HAD DIFFICULTY GETTING MY LUG NUTS OFF. THEY STATED THAT MY LUG NUTS "WERE SWULLEN". I HAVE BEEN DRIVING FOR OVER 50 YEARS AND NEVER HEARD OF THIS BEFORE. THEY SAID THAT I NEED TO BUY NEW ONES AT A COST OF $75-$100. I WAS VERY UPSET WITH THIS AND LEFT. I LOOKED THIS PROBLEM UP ON THE INTERNET AND SEE THAT HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE HAVE HAD THE SAME PROBLEM. IT SEEMS THAT FORD HAD A CHEAPER LUG NUT PRODUCED WITH THE NUT BEING COVERED WITH A CHEAPER MATERIAL USED TO MAKE THE CAP THAT COVERS THE NUT. MOISTURE GETS IN BETWEEN THE TWO METALS CAUSING CONDENSATION AND " SWELLING". I NOW HAVE COVERS ACTUALLY FALLING OFF THE NUT. MY QUESTION IS: WHY, IF THERE ARE SO MANY PROBLEMS THAT HAVE BEEN REPORTED, WHY HASN'T THE PROBLEM BEEN RESOLVED/ RECALLED? WHY HASN'T THE NHTSA GOTTEN INVOLVED? WE DO PAY TAXES FOR GOV. AGENCIES TO OVERSEE SAFETY ISSUES SUCH AS THIS. OR BETTER YET, WHY HASN'T FORD STEPPED UP AND TAKEN CARE OF THIS PROBLEM? I AM THINKING OF BUYING A CHEVY NOW. THEY DON'T HAVE "SWULLEN" LUG NUTS.
DRIVING TO WORK WHEN ALL OF A SUDDEN IT BECAME INCREDIBLY DIFFICULT TO STEER AND CONTROL CAR. I WAS VEERING AT FIRST TO THE LEFT THEN TO THE RIGHT. I TRIED NOT TO HIT THE PERSON ON MY RIGHT AND SLAMMED ON THE BRAKES, WHICH CAUSED ME TO FISHTAIL AND HIT THE GUY ANYWAY. MY REAR DRIVER'S SIDE TIRE WAS COMPLETELY GONE-ONLY A RIM REMAINED. THIS CAR HAS BARELY 800 MILES ON IT....SCARY AND SAD FOR THE GUY I HIT...ME-COMPLETELY SPOOKED AND VERY DISAPPOINTED ALBEIT GRATEFUL TO BE ALIVE AND NOT RUN OVER BY ONCOMING TRAFFIC...:( *TR
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Visibility
Reports naming windshields, glass, wipers, defrosters and mirrors.
From owner reports, verbatim
THE REAR VIEW BACKUP CAMERA FAILS. I HAVE TAKEN THIS VEHICLE TO MULTIPLE DEALERSHIPS TOTALING AT LEAST A DOZEN TIMES FOR REPAIR. THE DEALER HAS REPEATEDLY BEEN UNABLE TO REPAIR THIS PROBLEM.
THE VEHICLE 'TEMPORARILY LOST COMMUNICATION WITH THE CLIMATE CONTROL ' BASICALLY THE TOUCHSCREEN FREEZES AND NONE OF THE BUTTONS ON THE CENTER CONSOLE WORK. UNABLE TO TURN ON HEAT OR AIR CONDITIONING. THE WINDOWS LOCK AND CAN NOT BE ROLLED UP OR DOWN. THIS HAS HAPPENED WHILE DRIVING DOWN FREE WAY AND ALSO PARKED AT START UP. THIS OCCURRENCE HAS HAPPENED MORE THAN ONCE. SOMETIMES THE CAR WILL SOME HOW GO BACK TO NORMAL AFTER A DAY. THE LATEST THE VEHICLE HAS LOST COMMUNICATION FOR 4 DAYS. THEY SAY YOU CAN'T LEAVE A KID IN THE CAR WHILE YOU GO INTO A STORE, BUT FORD CAN MAKE IT WHERE I CAN'T ROLL MY WIDOWS DOWN WHILE DRIVING AND I HAVE 2 KIDS IN THE CAR AND IT'S 90 OUT. EVEN MORE WHEN IT'S WINTER TIME AND THE WIDOW FOGS UP WHILE DRIVING THERE IS NO WAY TO CLEAR WINDOWS. TO ME IT IS A SAFETY HAZARD TO NOT BE ABLE TO AT LEAST ROLL YOUR WINDOWS DOWN OR UP BECAUSE AN ISSUE HAPPENS WITH THE VEHICLE COMMUNICATION.
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Interior & seats
Reports naming seats, latches, locks, linkages and interior fittings.
From owner reports, verbatim
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2014 FORD FUSION HYBRID. THE CONTACT RECEIVED NOTIFICATION OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 15V246000(LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES). THE PARTS TO DO THE REPAIR WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR. THE CONTACT CALLED A LOCAL DEALER (SELLERS-SEXTON FORD LINCOLN MAZDA LOCATED ON 341 VFW MEMORIAL DR, ST ROBERT, MO 65584) WHO STATED THAT THE RECALL REMEDY PARTS WERE ON BACKORDER. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE VIN WAS UNKNOWN. THE CONTACT HAD NOT EXPERIENCED A FAILURE. PARTS DISTRIBUTION DISCONNECT.
FORD FUSION. CONSUMER WRITES IN REGARDS TO FAILURE TO REMEDY RECALL 16V-875/17V-210 DEFECT WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME FRAME. CONSUMER HAS ANOTHER VEHICLE CORRESPONDENCE IN ARTEMIS. *LD UPDATED 07/06/2017*JS
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Suspension
Reports naming suspension components — springs, struts, shocks, control arms and related hardware.
From owner reports, verbatim
THIS IS A BRAND NEW CAR. I AM EXPERIENCING FRONT END VIBRATION, MORE AND MORE FREQUENTLY, AT NORMAL HIGHWAY SPEEDS, SOME INCREASE WHEN TURNING AND MORE WHEN GOING OVER SMALL BUMPS IN THE ROAD. I WOULD DESCRIBE IT AS A TACTILE BUT NON-AUDIBLE "RUMBLE". I HAVE NOT FELT LIKE THE STEERING WILL GO OUT OF CONTROL BUT I AM CONCERNED ABOUT THE STEERING STABILITY AND POSSIBLE SUSPENSION PROBLEM LEADING TO LACK OF CONTROL. *TR
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Exterior lighting
Reports naming headlights, tail lights, turn signals and other exterior lighting.
From owner reports, verbatim
I WAS COMING HOME FROM WORK AND I GET AN ERROR MESSAGE THAT SAID "STOP SAFELY NOW". ALL OF A SUDDEN MY LIGHTS FLASHED AND MY CAR CUT OFF. MY CAR HASN'T RAN YET. I AM IN THE PROCESS OF GETTING IT TOWED TO THE DEALERSHIP. FORD, WHEN I CALLED THEN TOLD ME THAT IT WASN'T UNDER A RECALL AND I WOULD HAVE TO PAY OUT OF POCKET FOR EVERYTHING.
Too few reports in this category for a page of its own — they appear in the full complaint list.
Higher-selling and older vehicles accumulate more reports. Counts are not failure rates and are not directly comparable between vehicles that sold in very different numbers.
Elsewhere on this vehicle
Data sources
- NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation — owner-reported complaints and the components recorded on them
Data on this page last refreshed .